Introduction
Good winter shoes are essential. Here's what to consider before you buy.
Insulation
Different materials - wool, fur, Thinsulate, Gore-Tex. The heat depends on both the material and the thickness. See the temperature range for which the shoes are designed.
Water and wind resistance
Winter shoes should be waterproof. Membranes like Gore-Tex allow the skin to breathe but keep water out. Wind resistance is important to prevent cold wind from entering.
Sole
Look for a deep tread pattern that provides traction on ice and snow. The rubber should remain flexible even in the cold. Check whether the sole is sewn or glued - sewn is more durable.
Material
Leather - durable, warm, but needs care and impregnation.
Synthetic materials - lighter, dry faster, but may be less breathable.
Combined - the best features.
Size
Winter shoes should be slightly larger to accommodate thick socks. Try with the sock you plan to wear. There should be some space between the foot and the boot, but the heel should not rise.
Closing
Laces, zippers, buckles - the closure should allow for a tight fit around the leg to keep snow out. Zippered models are more comfortable, but can freeze.